本帖最后由 zctao1966 于 2011-8-23 13:24 编辑
所有的设计都要画图,这是因为工程师无法完全记住自己所作设计中的全部细节 (那怕是较简单的),用文字记载也不完整,因此图形表达就是唯一的方法。这些图首先是给设计者自己看,为了记住和研究设计构思:其次是给别的工程师看,为了互相讨论交流,最后是为了给制造者看,为了将设计意图变成实物。在设计的全过程中.原始构思是三维 (3D)实体,这也是毫无疑问的。 在CAD中画好三维实体以后,可以观赏,也可以截成图片,固然漂亮、直观,但很多信息传递不到。因此,只有把三维实体转成三视图,才是最实用的,可以反映三维实体的各个部位的详细信息。而怎样才能将所画好的三维实体用三视图的形式表达出来,是很多绘图者比较头疼的事情。在平面里参照三维实体一步步地画,固然可以画出,但既费时又费力,且往往容易遗漏很多信息。 那么,能否在AutoCAD中将三维实体直接转换成三视图呢?答案是肯定的。下面我就详细介绍这样的操作——三维实体转三视图。这里利用了我编制的一个小小的LISP程序,我给出的是源码,你可以自行修改,适合自己才能够更快的提高自己的绘图水平 。 附件有二个: sanshi.lsp (DEFUN c:sa() (setq dcl_id (load_dialog "sanshi")) (new_dialog "sanshi" dcl_id) (action_tile "sansh_cf1" "(done_dialog 1)") (action_tile "sansh_cf2" "(done_dialog 2)") (action_tile "sansh_cf3" "(done_dialog 3)") (action_tile "sansh_cf4" "(done_dialog 4)") (action_tile "sansh_zds" "(done_dialog 5)")
(setq sansh_done_id (start_dialog)) (if (> sansh_done_id 0) (progn (cond ((= 1 sansh_done_id) (sanshm_cf1) ) ((= 2 sansh_done_id) (sanshm_cf2) ) ((= 3 sansh_done_id) (sanshm_cf3) ) ((= 4 sansh_done_id) (sanshm_cf4) ) ((= 5 sansh_done_id) (sanshm_zds) ) ) ) )
(princ) )
;;
;;;-------------------------------------------------------- ;;;函数: CF1 ;;;-------------------------------------------------------- ;;;编制日期:2009.03.27 ;;;修改日期:2011.07.28 ;;;编制者 :曾敏辉 ;;;说明:本函数将复制并旋转对象为右视 ;;;-------------------------------------------------------- (DEFUN sanshm_CF1( / en entgrp oldort pt1 pt2 ss) (PRINC "\n 复制并旋转对象为右视") (setvar "cmdecho" 0) (setq oldort (getvar "orthomode")) (princ "\n 请选择主视图对象:") (SETQ ENTGRP (SSGET)) (princ "\n 请选择主视图的基准点:") (setvar "orthomode" 1) (SETQ pt1 (GETPOINT)) (princ "\n请选择右视图的基准点(按左键接受并绘制右视图):") (SETQ pt2 (GETPOINT)) (setq en (entlast)) (COMMAND "copy" ENTGRP "" pt1 pause) (setq ss (lt:ss-entnext en)) (princ "\n正在绘制右视图......") (command "rotate3d" ss "" "Y" pt2 "-90");;;绘制右视图 (princ "\n绘制右视图完毕!") (princ) )
;;;-------------------------------------------------------- ;;;函数: CF2 ;;;-------------------------------------------------------- ;;;编制日期:2009.03.27 ;;;修改日期:2011.07.28 ;;;编制者 :曾敏辉 ;;;说明:本函数将复制并旋转对象为仰视 ;;;-------------------------------------------------------- (DEFUN sanshm_CF2( / en entgrp oldort pt1 pt2 ss) (setvar "cmdecho" 0) (PRINC "\n 复制并旋转对象为仰视") (setq oldort (getvar "orthomode")) (princ "\n 请选择主视图对象:") (SETQ ENTGRP (SSGET)) (princ "\n 请选择主视图的基准点:") (setvar "orthomode" 1) (SETQ pt1 (GETPOINT)) (princ "\n请选择仰视图的基准点(按左键接受并绘制仰视图):") (SETQ pt2 (GETPOINT)) (setq en (entlast)) (COMMAND "copy" ENTGRP "" pt1 pause) (setq ss (lt:ss-entnext en)) (princ "\n正在绘制仰视图......") (command "rotate3d" ss "" "X" pt2 "-90");;;绘制仰视图 (princ "\n绘制仰视图完毕!") (princ) )
;;;函数: CF3 ;;;-------------------------------------------------------- ;;;编制日期:2009.03.27 ;;;修改日期:2011.07.28 ;;;编制者 :曾敏辉 ;;;说明:本函数将复制并旋转对象为左视 ;;;-------------------------------------------------------- (DEFUN sanshm_CF3( / en entgrp oldort pt1 pt2 ss) (setvar "cmdecho" 0) (PRINC "\n 复制并旋转对象为左视") (setq oldort (getvar "orthomode")) (princ "\n 请选择主视图对象:") (SETQ ENTGRP (SSGET)) (princ "\n 请选择主视图的基准点:") (setvar "orthomode" 1) (SETQ pt1 (GETPOINT)) (princ "\n请选择左视图的基准点(按左键接受并绘制左视图):") (SETQ pt2 (GETPOINT)) (setq en (entlast)) (COMMAND "copy" ENTGRP "" pt1 pause) (setq ss (lt:ss-entnext en)) (princ "\n正在绘制左视图......") (command "rotate3d" ss "" "Y" pt2 "90");;;绘制左视图 (princ "\n绘制左视图完毕!") (princ) )
;;;-------------------------------------------------------- ;;;函数: CF4 ;;;-------------------------------------------------------- ;;;编制日期:2009.03.27 ;;;修改日期:2011.07.28 ;;;编制者 :曾敏辉 ;;;说明:本函数将复制并旋转对象为俯视 ;;;-------------------------------------------------------- (DEFUN sanshm_CF4( / en entgrp oldort pt1 pt2 ss) (setvar "cmdecho" 0) (PRINC "\n 复制并旋转对象为俯视") (setq oldort (getvar "orthomode")) (princ "\n 请选择主视图对象:") (SETQ ENTGRP (SSGET)) (princ "\n 请选择主视图的基准点:") (setvar "orthomode" 1) (SETQ pt1 (GETPOINT)) (princ "\n请选择俯视图的基准点(按左键接受并绘制俯视图):") (SETQ pt2 (GETPOINT)) (setq en (entlast)) (COMMAND "copy" ENTGRP "" pt1 pause) (setq ss (lt:ss-entnext en)) (princ "\n正在绘制俯视图......") (command "rotate3d" ss "" "X" pt2 "90");;;绘制俯视图 (princ "\n绘制俯视图完毕!") (princ) ) ;;; -------------------------------------------------------- ;;; 函数: ZDS ;;; -------------------------------------------------------- ;;; 编制日期:2008.11.20 ;;; 修改日期:2010.04.29修改实体颜色为0层和hidden层 ;;; 修改日期:2011.07.28 增加程序运行前的备注和功能 ;;; 编制者 :曾敏辉 ;;; 说明: 将已绘制好的三维图自动投影生成三视图 ;;; -------------------------------------------------------- (defun sanshm_zds ( / l old_lay ss1 ss2 ss3 ss4 ssg1) (SETVAR "CMDECHO" 0) (princ "\n 请选择生成投影图的组合(它将删除所选择的3D实体,请注意保存3D实体):") (setq ssg1 (ssget));;生成布局选项 (command "layout" "s" "") (princ "\n 投影图正在生成中,请稍候......") (command "mspace") (command "_solprof" ssg1 "" "Y" "Y" "N") (princ "\n 投影图已生成") (command "model") (command "erase" ssg1 "") (COMMAND "EXPLODE" l) (setq ss1 (ssget "X" '((8 . "PH-*")))) (COMMAND "EXPLODE" SS1) (setq ss2 (ssget "X" '((8 . "PH-*")))) (setq ss3 (ssget "X" '((8 . "PV-*")))) (COMMAND "EXPLODE" SS3) (setq ss4 (ssget "X" '((8 . "PV-*")))) (setq old_lay (getvar "clayer")) (if (=(tblobjname "LAYER" "hidden") nil) (progn (command "layer" "m" "hidden" "c" "blue" "" "l" "dashed" "" "") ) ) (setvar "clayer" old_lay)
(command "CHANGE" ss2 "" "P" "LA" "hidden" "") (command "CHANGE" ss4 "" "P" "LA" "0" "")
;;;(command "CHANGE" ss2 "" "P" "LA" "hidden" "") ;;;(command "CHANGE" ss4 "" "P" "LA" "0" "") ;;;(command "_.purge" "_all" "*" "n") ;;;(command "_.qsave" ) (princ) );;; _ 结束defun
;;____________________________________________ ;; ▓ (lt:ss-entnext en) ;; [功能] 获取在图元 en 之后产生的图元的选择集 ;; [参数] en----图元名 ;; [返回] 选择集 ;; [测试]1.(setq en (entlast)) ;; 执行创建图元的命令,如 LINE,BOUNDARY ;; (setq ss (lt:ss-entnext en)) ;; 2.(setq ss (lt:ss-entnext (car(entsel)))) (defun lt:ss-entnext (en / ss) (if en (progn (setq ss (ssadd)) (while (setq en (entnext en)) (if (not (member (cdr (assoc 0 (entget en))) '("ATTRIB" "VERTEX" "SEQEND") ) ) (ssadd en ss) ) ) (if (zerop (sslength ss)) (setq ss nil)) ss ) (ssget "_x") ) )
sanshi.dcl dcl_settings:default_dcl_settings { audit_level = 0 ; }
sanshi:dialog { label = "三视图20110820" ; spacer_1; :column { children_fixed_width = true ; fixed_width = true ; width = 5 ; :button { fixed_width = true ; key = "sansh_cf4" ; label = "1.复制实体为俯视" ; width = 10 ; } :button { key = "sansh_cf1" ; label = "2.复制对象为右视" ; } :button { key = "sansh_cf2" ; label = "3.复制对象为仰视" ; } :button { key = "sansh_cf3" ; label = "4.复制对象为左视" ; } :button { key = "sansh_zds" ; label = "5.绘制对象三视图" ; } } spacer_1; :text { alignment = centered ; label = "学以致用,其乐无穷!" ; } :text { alignment = centered ; label = " 设计者:曾敏辉" ; } cancel_button; }
使用方法: 1.将上述两个文件复制之后再另存为相应的文件名: sanshi.lsp sanshi.dcl 保存到AutoCAD的支持路径下 2.用appload加载sanshi.lsp 3.运行命令为sa(你可以自行修改)。 操作步骤:
2011.08.23 13:25更新
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